TOPIC NAME:  NET METERING

INTRDOCTION

Energy demand in India – both in urban and rural areas in continuously increasing ,however the electricity utilities are unable to meet this rapidly increasing demand .this is the reason why most of the commercial building such as hospitals ,office ,mall etc.As well as residential building in the country are opting for back-up power systems. These back-up power systems are usually diesel generator and some times more than one generator is installed to meet their electricity demand.                   

With rising costs and environmental awareness, many of these building are opting for solar photo voltaic (SPV) systems as back-up power in order to reduce their dependency on diesel generator. These SPV system which convert sunlight into electricity, are usually installed on the existing roof-top space of building to meet the minimum load requirement  

What is Net metering?

•       Net metering is a billing mechanism that credits solar energy system owners for the electricity they add to the grid. For example, if a residential customer has a PV system on the home's rooftop, it may generate more electricity than the home uses during daylight hours.

•       Net metering allows customers who install solar or other clean energy to get fair credit on their power bills for the energy they feed back to the grid.

HOW A NET METER WORK

                                     (fig no. 1)

A day time sun gives heat energy and a solar panel absorbs heat energy and it convert into electric energy. The energy use for a home application and other different function extra electric energy is send to grid then the grid is give money.

                            (Fig no 2)

This figure (fig no2) show the electric supply getting from grid at night time because at night time no sun and no heat power give to solar panel at night time electric power getting from grid.

                   (Fig no 3)

This figure (Fig no 3) show the power production in day and this electric power is getting from sun with the help of solar panel.

In this figure show the how much maximum demand in a day and how much power generate by solar power.

Material used in solar panel

•       Silicon material is used for making solar panel.

•       More than 80% of solar cells currently produced are crystalline silicon solar cells,. Nearly all of the other 20% are developed as amorphous silicon solar cells.

•       Other Thin-film Materials: CIS Related, CdTe and Dye Sensitized.

•       Organic Polymers.

•       Nano-Scale Materials

Parts/Equipment of roof top solar system

•       Solar PV panel

•       Inverter

•       Isolator/ Disconnecting switches

•       Protective Device

•       Cable and hardwire

•       Changeover switch

•       Energy meter

•       Panels, junction box and distribution boxes

•       Earthing & lightening protections

•       IR/UV protected PVC pipes and accessories

•       Mounting structure and civil work 

Net metering policy in India

The policy of net metering differs state by state.

In Maharashtra Electricity regularly commission regulation 2015

Started in India -15^th sept 2009

Started in Maharashtra 2015

Benefits of net metering

•       Financial credit for extra solar power produce

•       No battery storage system Needed

•       No backup generator for when solar power in Not Available

•       Reduces electricity lost ever wires

•       Pressure on the grid is reduced

•       Environment pollution can be reduced

•       Awareness on power consumption will be increased

•       It can be installed over a canal in which water is flowing, so the water is not evaporated and even electricity is generated.

Limitation of net metering

•       It has very less drawbacks

•       Requires installation of additional equipment

•       Additional precaution to be taken in operation and maintenance of system

•       Cost of net metering equipment is to be bared by the consumer themselves

Net metering  plant in India

•       Andrpradesh in 2003 generate 6 MW.

•       Gujarat ‘Gandhinagar Solar Photovoltaic Rooftop’  5 MW capacity.

•       Tamil Nadu in its State solar policy announced a target of 350 MW capacity.

•       Karnataka’s released a tender in January 2013 targeting a capacity 1.3 MW.

•       Rajasthan through its state Solar Policy announced in 2011.

Future scope

Indian govt. has decided to equip all the govt offices, hospitals, institution ,jail PV systems & net metering

Conclusion

•       The solar energy can replace the non renewable energy source.

•       This system does not harm environment.

•       It can be installed anywhere and energy can be produced anywhere